POETRY

A poem attracts the attention of a reader by its visual lay out, or style, or lyrical beauty or imagery or the mimetic effects that it creates. For all of these reasons a poem lends itself to analysis but the analysis should not detract from the enjoyment of the poem. The analysis should be an attempt to substantially enhance the enjoyment of the poem. Learners should come away from the introduction to a poem wanting to read the poem again and again and even to recreate the poem to sing their own songs.

How can the enjoyment of a poem be enhanced? This can be done by knowing a few things about the poem as well as about the poet.

Every poem is set in a specific period of time and is usually a response to some intensely felt emotion caused by some encounter or experience.

In trying to enjoy and understand a poem the learner should try to ascertain right at the beginning whether the poem is about the poet as an individual or about another person. Thereafter the learner should explore the poet’s background and the period in which the poet lived or is living. Some issues do not date while others do.

With the benefit of some background knowledge the learner will be able to explore the theme of the poem. The universal themes that poets explore are: love, loss, loveliness, the transient nature of life, death, estrangement and the most enduring one is hope in the face of despair.

Every poet assumes an attitude towards a theme and this is reflected in the tone of the poem. It could be ironic, satirical, critical, anxious, condemnatory or laudatory. As one reads the poem the tone will become evident. Reading a poem aloud is the best way to begin understanding a poem.

The type or structure of a poem can also help elucidate the meaning of a poem. An ode, for example, will express an exalted emotion. An elegy will be a mournful poem. A sonnet will usually be presented as an octet encompassing the problem and a sestet where the problem is resolved or answered.

Some poems are presented as dramatic monologues. Other poems are presented on paper in a manner suggesting a visual image.

That which differentiates poetry from prose is rhythm and imagery. Poets use assonance, consonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhymes, internal rhymes and other such devices to create the rhythmic effect that is required. A poem has a musical quality to it and usually lends itself to being recited.

There are other figures of speech which are also frequently used in a poem. These are metaphors, similes, oxymoron, antithesis, synecdoche and metonymy. All of these are explained in detail in Dynamic English Vocabulary and General Language Course.

Poets search language for every single possibility to write lines that are memorable, unique and stirring. Every poem shows what can be done with language because every poem is an example of artistry with words.

Like with everything else learners must choose to go beyond what is being taught to that which really appeals to them. Out there in the wide word there is some poem that expresses what one feels in a way that one cannot emulate. What a boon it is to know that one is not alone in experiencing something and that there have been others who underwent the same experiences and left a record of their thoughts on it in language that lives on for ever.

In this section learners will be introduced to many poems that have something important to say to young people. Learners and educators are invited to make suggestions of which other poems to add to the list. Here's my selection for now:

 

Alexander Pope

 Ode on Solitude

Alfred Lord Tennyson

 Ulysses

Amy Lowell

 Venetian Glass

Andre w Marvell

 To His Coy Mistress

Carl Sandburg

  Chicago

Christina Rossetti

 Remember

David Herbert Lawrence

 Snake

Douglas Livingstone

 Sjambok

Dylan Thomas

 Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

Edmund Waller

 Go, Lovely Rose

Edward Estlin Cummings

 anyone

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

 How Do I Love Thee?

Emily Dickinson

 My River

Gabriel Okara

 Piano and Drums

George Herbet

 Vertue

Gerard Manley Hopkins

 Pied Beauty

Gray Stephen

 Apollo Café

James Elroy Flecker

 The Old Ships

James Joyce

 Simples

James Shirley

 The Glories of Our Blood and State

John Donne

 Death, Be Not Proud

John Milton 

 On His Blindness

John Keats

 Ode to a Nightingale

John Milton

 On His Blindness

Langston Hughes

 The Negro Speaks of Rivers

Lionel Abrahams

 Chaos Theory Of The Heart

Mary Collier

 The Woman’s Labour

Matthew Arnold

  Dover Beach

Michael Drayton

 Since There’s No Help

Mongane Wally Serote

 City Johannesburg

Octavio Paz

 As one listens to the rain

Percy Bysshe Shelley

 Ozymandias

Robert Browning

 My Last Duchess

Robert Frost –

 Stopping by woods …

Robert Herrick

 Upon Julia’s Clothes

Robert Lowell

 For the Union Dead

Roy Campbell

 Horses on the Camargue

Rudyard Kipling

 If

Rupert Brooke

 Heaven

Rustum Kozain 

 Family Portrait

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

 Kubla Khan

Seamus Heaney

 Follower

Stephen Spender 

 My parents kept me from children who were rough

Sylvia Plath

 Mirror

Tatamkulu Afrika

 Nothing’s Changed

Ted Hughes

 The Jaguar

Theodore Roethke –

 The Waking

Thomas Hardy

 The Darkling Thrush

Thomas Stearn Eliot

 Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Thomas Wyatt

 Remembrance

Walt Whirman

 Song of Myself

Walter de la Mare

 The Listeners

W H Auden

 Musée des Beaux Arts

Wilfred Owen

 Anthem for Doomed Youth

William Blake

 The Tyger

William Butler Yeats

 The Second Coming

William Shakespeare

 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

William Wordsworth

 Composed Upon Westminister Bridge